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The International Maritime Organization adopted the first code to support the safe integration of artificial intelligence-enabled and remotely operated commercial ships into global shipping
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The new International Code of Safety for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships takes effect July 1, although still a non-mandatory instrument
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IMO noted that while the number of fully crewless or remote-operated ships are still limited, a growing number are being successfully tested internationally
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The code underscores the importance of human oversight, with the master retaining overall responsibility for the ship at all times – even if not on board the ship
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A mandatory MASS Code is eyed for adoption by July 2030
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The IMO also approved new interim guidelines for use of ammonia cargo as fuel
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a new International Code of Safety for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS Code) to support the safe integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled and remotely operated commercial
The MASS Code, which takes effect July 2026, sets out a comprehensive, goal-based framework to ensure that remotely controlled or autonomous ships are designed and operated to a level of safety, security and environmental protection that is expected of a conventional ship, the IMO announced in a press release.
The Code applies to cargo ships covered under Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and will also be required to comply with other applicable mandatory IMO instruments.
The code is still a non-mandatory instrument, and as such, IMO said member states are given the opportunity to test its use while paving the way for making it mandatory under the SOLAS Convention.
“This landmark achievement positions IMO at the forefront of regulating emerging technologies, demonstrating the Organization’s ability to anticipate and shape the future of shipping. It represents a major step forward, enabling innovation while ensuring that safety, accountability and the human element remain at the core of maritime operations,” IMO secretary-general Arsenio Dominguez said in a speech at the conclusion of the 111th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in London on May 13 to 22.
Definition of autonomous
A ship is considered autonomous if such shipboard technology is designed and verified to control actions without human intervention.
IMO noted that while the number of fully crewless or remote-operated ships are still limited, a growing number are being successfully tested internationally.
The MASS Code introduces new requirements for the design, approval and operation of these ships.
It covers navigation, connectivity, remote operations, fire safety, and search and rescue, with emphasis on the importance of human oversight, with the master retaining overall responsibility for the ship at all times – even if not on board the ship.
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The code also places strong emphasis on risk assessment, robust system design, cybersecurity and the integration of Remote Operations Centres (ROCs).
The new MASS Code supplements existing IMO instruments, taken due account of the international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The next steps for the MASS Code are:
- December 2026 – MSC 112 to re-establish MASS Working Group for the Development of a framework for an Experience-Building Phase (EBP) of the non-mandatory MASS Code;
- 2028 – Development of the mandatory MASS Code, based on the non-mandatory Code and results from the EBP and review conducted by the relevant sub-committees. Consideration of amendments to SOLAS (new chapter) for the Code’s adoption;
- By July 2030 – Expected adoption of the IMO’s first mandatory MASS Code, for entry into force on 1 January 2032.
Alternative fuels
Meanwhile, the MSC likewise approved new interim guidelines for use of ammonia cargo as fuel, to support the safe design, construction and operation of ships carrying and using ammonia as fuel.
Alongside this, two new sets of interim guidelines were also approved for training seafarers on ships using alternative fuels and technologies, reflecting the need to develop new skills while addressing the specific risks of each fuel type. These include:
- Interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using methyl/ethyl alcohol as fuel; and
- Interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using ammonia as fuel.
READ: Shipping industry throws support to IMO ahead of meeting advancing decarbonization
The Committee also clarified how the “one ship, one code” principle applies to gas carriers using alternative fuels, including whether the IGF Code or IGC Code should apply, improving consistency and clarity in the regulatory framework.
Strait of Hormuz situation
The MSC also adopted a resolution requesting the support of IMO member states for the Secretary-General’s ongoing efforts to facilitate the safe evacuation of ships and seafarers trapped in the Persian Gulf.
The committee urged its members and organizations to assist trapped seafarers by providing essential supplies, establishing helplines and remote support, and keeping families informed. Crew changes were also encouraged.
READ: IMO chief alarmed over Hormuz attacks as oil route risks escalate
